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Hot Dip Galvanizing Guide

Planning a project? This is the plain-English guide to getting galvanizing right so your steel actually lasts, installs cleanly, and stays under budget.

Why Galvanizing? Process Flow Design Consideration Fabrication Consideration Specification & Quality
Section 01

Why Galvanizing?

Galvanizing refers to a method of preventing corrosion in iron or steel structures by coating them with a protective layer of zinc. The process is used widely across construction, automotive, power, telecommunication, and manufacturing industries.

The galvanizing process typically involves immersing the iron or steel article in a bath of molten zinc. The zinc coating bonds metallurgically with the base metal, forming a series of zinc–iron alloy layers. This creates a durable and corrosion-resistant barrier that protects the underlying metal from exposure to moisture, oxygen, and other corrosive elements.

Key Advantages

  • 1

    Corrosion Protection: The zinc coating acts as a sacrificial layer, corroding in place of the underlying metal — extending the lifespan of the iron or steel article.

  • 2

    Durability: Galvanized coatings are highly resistant to abrasion, providing long-lasting protection in the toughest environments.

  • 3

    Cost-Effectiveness: Galvanizing delivers the lowest lifecycle cost of any corrosion protection technique — no repainting, no touch-ups.

  • 4

    Easy Inspection: The appearance of a galvanized coating provides a visual indication of its condition — making it easy to assess protection levels.

Section 02

HDG Process Flow

The 8-step hot dip galvanizing sequence — applied to every article at the LTL Galvanizers plant, to BS EN ISO 1461:2022.

1

Degreasing

Caustic or acidic cleaning removes dirt, paint, oil, and grease from the steel surface.
2

Pickling

Dilute hydrochloric or sulphuric acid bath dissolves mill scale and rust from the surface.
3

Rinsing

Water rinse removes residual acid and salts preventing contamination of downstream baths.
4

Fluxing

Zinc-ammonium chloride flux removes any remaining oxides and prepares the surface for zinc bonding.
5

Drying

Pre-heating drives off moisture preventing flash-steam reactions in the molten zinc bath.
6

Galvanizing

Immersion in 99.995% SHG zinc at ~450°C zinc–iron alloy layers form metallurgically.
7

Quenching

Controlled cooling passivates the coating preventing white rust in storage and transit.
8

Inspection

Visual and magnetic-induction thickness inspection to BS EN ISO 1461:2022 — then packing for delivery.

24-Hour Plant Operation

Our galvanizing line operates 24 hours per day with 6.2 MT/hour total capacity across two baths. Computer software records every production step — fabrication, galvanizing, shop assembly, packing, final inspection, and delivery — ensuring timeliness and full traceability for every order.

Section 03

Design Consideration

Proper design for hot dip galvanizing is critical to coating quality, article integrity, and long-term performance. A well-designed article galvanizes cleanly with minimum distortion and uniform coating thickness.

Key Design Principles

  • Venting & Drainage: All hollow sections must have adequate vent and drain holes to permit zinc flow and prevent explosive pressure build-up. Venting area should be > 30% of the enclosed cross-section.

  • Steel Selection: Si and P content in steel affect coating thickness. Steels with 0.04% < Si < 0.15% or Si > 0.22% (Sandelin) produce heavier coatings than recommended.

  • Minimising Distortion: Use symmetric sections where possible; minimise variations in thickness within a single article to reduce thermal stress.

  • Article Size: Article must fit within bath dimensions. Our Bath 1 (7m × 1.3m × 2.1m) handles up to 13.5 m via double-end dipping.

  • Contact Surfaces: Avoid large overlapping surfaces where acid and flux can be trapped. Seal or separate such surfaces fully.

  • Handling Points: Provide lifting holes or lugs positioned so the article can be suspended and dipped without support damage.

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Section 04

Fabrication Consideration

Fabrication practices directly affect galvanizing outcomes. Poor fabrication choices — surface contamination, improper welding, trapped residues — lead to coating defects that are difficult and expensive to fix after dipping.

Before Galvanizing

  • Welding: All welding to AWS D1.1 — full penetration, continuous seals (no stitch welds on enclosures). Remove weld slag, spatter, and flux residue completely.

  • Surface Cleanliness: Remove paint, grease, oil, markings, and foreign matter before submission. Acid pickling alone cannot remove paint or oily coatings.

  • Identification Marks: Use low-stress hard-stamped or die-marked identification — do NOT use paint, marker, or adhesive labels.

  • Bolted Assemblies: Deliver bolted assemblies disassembled. Fasteners galvanized to BS EN ISO 10684:2004 and ISO 1461:2022 separately.

After Galvanizing

  • Touch-up: Minor damage (< 0.5% surface area) repaired per ASTM A780 with zinc-rich paint or sprayed zinc.

  • Handling: Avoid stacking galvanized parts in direct contact with moisture — white rust forms on freshly-galvanized surfaces in humid conditions.

  • Packing: Products placed on pallets with spacers to avoid moisture trapping, then secured with coated metal strapping. Each package numbered with prepared packing lists.

Section 05

Specification & Quality Inspection

How to specify a galvanized coating — and how we inspect and certify every batch to the world's leading standards.

Coating Thickness Requirements

Article Thickness Min. Average Coating (µm) Min. Local Coating (µm)
Steel ≥ 6 mm 85 70
Steel 3 mm to < 6 mm 70 55
Steel 1.5 mm to < 3 mm 55 45
Steel < 1.5 mm 45 35
Castings ≥ 6 mm 80 70

Reference: BS EN ISO 1461:2022 — Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles. 1 µm = 0.0254 mils.

Standards We Comply With

HDG

BS EN ISO 1461:2022

Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles — primary specification.

HDG

ASTM A123/A123M

Standard specification for zinc (HDG) coatings on iron and steel products.

Welding

AWS D1.1

American Welding Society Structural Welding Code — Steel.

Fasteners

ISO 898-1:2013

Mechanical properties of structural fasteners — property classes for bolts and screws.

Fasteners

ISO 10684:2004

Fasteners — hot dip galvanized coatings on threaded fasteners.

Metallizing

ISO 2063-1:2017

Thermal spraying — zinc, aluminium and their alloys for corrosion protection.

Duplex

ISO 12944-5:2019

Protective paint systems for corrosion protection of steel structures.

QMS

ISO 9001:2015

Quality Management System — certified by SBcert.

EMS

ISO 14001:2015

Environmental Management System — certified by SBcert.

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